Brain and nervous system conditions we treat
SOZO Brain Center Vienna uses neuromodulation according to the protocol of Sir Petros Kattou (Nicosia) as a complementary treatment for neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions — including Parkinson's disease, ALS, multiple sclerosis, and dementia. In a detailed initial consultation, we work together with you to determine whether treatment may be suitable for your condition.
Which conditions is neuromodulation used to treat?
Not every neuromodulation method is suitable for every condition, and the level of scientific evidence is not the same for all of the indications listed. Here you will find a selection of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions for which neuromodulation may be considered as a complementary treatment option. Whether a particular treatment is medically appropriate in an individual case is determined during a comprehensive consultation with one of our physicians.
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia and involves a progressive loss of nerve cells in the brain. It typically first presents as memory impairment and later also affects orientation, language, and everyday functioning. Depending on the stage of the disease, neuromodulation can be used alongside existing medical treatment.
See scientific article on PubMed by Conte et al., 09/14/2022
Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing nerve cells in the brain, typically presenting with tremor, rigidity, and slowed movement. Neuromodulation can be used for Parkinson's disease alongside standard drug therapy to address specific symptoms.
See scientific article on PubMed, J. Neurol, 12/29/2025
Dementia and Cognitive Decline
Dementia describes a progressive loss of cognitive abilities such as memory, orientation, and judgment, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause. A detailed medical history helps determine whether complementary neuromodulation makes sense at a given stage.
See scientific study published in Front. Behav. Neuroscience, Roberta Ferrucci et al., October 29, 2018
ALS
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare disease in which the motor nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord progressively die off, leading to increasing muscle weakness. We offer interested patients detailed counseling on neuromodulation as a complementary approach.
See scientific article in Vol. 19 (2025): 19th I@Q Conference Proceedings, Ishaann Bakirathan et al., 08/28/2025
Inflammatory and Immune-Mediated Disorders of the Nervous System
ME/CFS
ME/CFS (chronic fatigue syndrome) is a complex multisystem illness marked by pronounced exhaustion that worsens with exertion (post-exertional malaise), which can severely limit daily life. Neuromodulation can be used as a complementary approach to relieve symptoms.
See study published in Brain Communications, Volume 5, Issue 2, 2023
Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system in which the protective myelin sheath of nerve fibers is attacked. Depending on the disease course and symptoms, neuromodulation may be considered as a complementary measure.
See scientific article in Nature Scientific Reports, Leigh Charvet et al., 02/07/2025
Neuropsychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Autism
Autism spectrum disorders are neurological developmental differences that manifest, among other things, in social communication and sensory processing, and present very differently from person to person. We advise families on neuromodulation as one of several possible building blocks.
See scientific article in Oxford Academic Brain Communications, Teris Cheung et al., 08/18/2023
PTSD
Post-traumatic stress disorder develops after traumatic experiences and can also manifest as a functional neurological disorder, in which neurological symptoms occur without clearly detectable structural damage. In the initial consultation, we discuss whether neuromodulation could be a useful complement.
See scientific article in Taylor & Francis, Nerida Saunders et al., 02/28/2014
Depression and Anxiety Disorders
Depression and anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health conditions and can significantly impair drive, mood, and everyday functioning. After careful evaluation, neuromodulation can be used alongside psychotherapy and/or medication.
See scientific study on PubMed, Teris Cheung et al., 01/28/2023
ADHD
ADHD is characterized by impairments in attention and impulse control, and in some cases hyperactivity, affecting both children and adults. Some patients consider neuromodulation as a complement to existing treatment approaches.
See scientific article in Nature, Scientific Reports, Reza Estaji et al., 06/17/2024
Pain and Peripheral Nerve Disorders
Migraine
Migraine is a neurological condition involving recurring, often one-sided, throbbing headache attacks, frequently accompanied by nausea or sensitivity to light. Neuromodulation can be considered as a complementary option alongside existing migraine therapy.
See study on PubMed by Jill Angela Hervik et al., 02/27/2024
Transcranial direct current stimulation for chronic headaches, a randomized, controlled trial
Peripheral Neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathies result from damage to nerves outside the brain and spinal cord and often present as tingling, numbness, or pain in the hands and feet. Neuromodulation aims to address the impaired nerve function as a complementary treatment.
See scientific article in the National Library of Medicine, Liuxin Yang et al., 11/22/2025
Neuropathic and Chronic Pain
Neuropathic pain results from damage or dysfunction of the nervous system itself, rather than an external source of irritation, and often responds poorly to conventional pain medication. Neuromodulation aims to address the disrupted pain processing within the nervous system.
See scientific article in Pain Reports, Valton Costa et al., October 2024
Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation effects on chronic pain: systematic review and meta-analysis
Rehabilitation and Movement Disorders
Stroke Rehabilitation
After a stroke, lasting impairments of motor function, speech, or cognition can occur, depending on which brain region was affected. During the rehabilitation phase, neuromodulation can be used alongside conventional rehab therapy.
See scientific article in Science Direct, Brain Disorders, Isna Imroah Husna et al., Vol. 19, September 202525
Traumatic Brain Injury
A traumatic brain injury results from external force to the head and, depending on severity, can lead to long-term cognitive, motor, or emotional effects. We advise those affected on whether neuromodulation could be a useful complement in their individual case.
See scientific article on PubMed, Saeid Abbasi Sarajehlou et al., 12/26/2025
Restless Legs Syndrome
Restless legs syndrome presents as an agonizing urge to move the legs, usually during rest and in the evening, which can significantly disrupt sleep. We advise on whether neuromodulation may be a suitable complementary measure.
See scientific article on PubMed, Ellie Mitsie et al., 02/25/2026
Case Report: A novel use of Transcranial Pulse Stimulation in refractory Restless Legs Syndrom
Spasticity and Movement Disorders
Spasticity is increased muscle tone resulting from damage to the central nervous system, for example after a stroke or in MS, and can significantly limit movement. Neuromodulation can be used alongside physiotherapy to support mobility.
See scientific article on PubMed, Gongwai Jia et al., 03/29/2020
What Does the Science Say About Neuromodulation?
Neuromodulation is an active field of research in neurology and neuroscience. Techniques such as Transcranial Pulse Stimulation (TPS), transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) are being investigated with regard to their mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic applications in a range of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions.
The level of scientific evidence varies depending on the specific technique and condition. For some applications, evidence from randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses is already available. For other indications, the current evidence is based primarily on smaller clinical studies, pilot studies, or case reports.
At SOZO Brain Center Vienna, we consider the available scientific literature together with each patient’s individual medical situation. Scientific studies relating to specific conditions and neuromodulation techniques can be found directly within the relevant sections of this website.
How Do Scientific Studies Differ?
Not all scientific publications provide the same level of evidence. Individual case reports can offer initial and potentially valuable observations, but they do not allow general conclusions to be drawn about the effectiveness of a treatment. Clinical studies involving larger patient populations, and randomized controlled trials in particular, enable more robust comparisons. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses combine the results of multiple studies and can therefore provide a more comprehensive overview of the available evidence.
When evaluating neuromodulation techniques, it is therefore important to consider not only whether a study exists, but also how the study was conducted, how many patients were included, and which specific outcomes were measured.
Limitations of the Scientific Evidence
Despite promising research findings, the scientific evidence is not equally extensive for every neuromodulation technique and every medical condition. Furthermore, the results of individual studies cannot automatically be applied to all patients. Some applications are still under scientific investigation and should not be considered established standard treatments for the respective condition.
Neuromodulation should therefore always be evaluated on an individual basis and within the overall medical context. Whether a particular technique is appropriate depends on factors such as the diagnosis, symptoms, course of the condition, existing treatments, and potential contraindications. Neuromodulation does not automatically replace existing neurological or pharmacological treatment.
Scientific Studies on Neuromodulation
Would you like to read further studies and scientific articles on individual conditions and our treatment methods?
Find more under Scientific Research from the International SOZO Brain Center in Nicosia.
How Does Treatment at SOZO Brain Center Vienna Work?
The therapies are non-invasive and well tolerated. After the initial diagnostics, intensive therapy usually takes place at our Brain Center in Vienna. This is followed by home-based therapy and follow-up assessments.
Read more on page
"Treatment Process".